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Home > Article Index > CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Analytical Methods and Instrumentation Calcium, Phosphorus, Bone, and Muscle Electrolytes, Acid-base, and Osmolality Gastrointestinal and Exocrine Pancreatic Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Ketones Renal Function, Nitrogen Metabolites, and Urine Trace Elements, Vitamins, and Minerals Analytical Methods and Instrumentation (back to top) Adaptation of an automated assay for determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate in dogs using a random access analyzer. Christopher MM, Periera JL, Brigmon RL. 1992;21(1):3-8. PubMed ABSTRACT Blood values of juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) obtained using a portable clinical analyzer. Larsen RS, Haulena M, Grindem CB, Gulland FMD. 2002;31(3):106-110. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF A comparison of the Beckman System E4A electrolyte analyzer, the Nova 5+5 automated electrolyte analyzer and other methods of electrolyte analysis. Tvedten HW. 1985;14(3):13-16. A comparison of commercial kit methods for assay of vitamin B12 in ruminant blood. Schultz WJ. 1987;16(4):102-106. A comparison of coulometric titration and potentiometric determination of chloride concentration in rumen fluid. Cebra CK, Tornquist SJ, Vap LM, Dodson LA. 2001;30(4):211-213. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of home monitoring methods for feline urine pH measurement. Raskin RE, Murray KA, Levy JK. 2002;31(2):51-55. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of methods for assay of fecal proteolytic activity. Williams DA, Reed SD. 1990;19(1):20-24. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparison of Multistix PRO dipsticks with other biochemical assays for determining urine protein (UP), urine creatinine (UC), and UP:UC ratio in dogs and cats. Welles EG, Whatley EM, Hall AS, Wright JC. 2006;35(1):31-36. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Comparison of refractometer and biuret methods for total protein measurement in body cavity fluids. George JW, O'Neill SL. 2001;30(1):16-18. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of techniques for quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in canine serum. Mahaffey EA, Lago MP. 1991;20(2):51-55. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparison of three different methods of total carbon dioxide measurement. Kilborn SH, Bonnett BN, Pook HA. 1995;24(1):22-27. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparison of two dry chemistry analyzers and a wet chemistry analyzer using canine serum. Lanevschi A, Kramer JW. 1996;25(1):10-13. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparison of whole blood and plasma potassium concentrations in dogs using the Reflovet system. Trumel C, Verwaerde P, Rascol A, Braun JP. 2003;32(3):140-142. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Correction for sample free glycerol is needed for accurate measurement of plasma triglyceride concentrations in miniature swine. Weingand KW. 1988;17(3):60-62. Creatinine concentration in plasma from dog, rat, and mouse: a comparison of 3 different methods. Palm M, Lundblad A. 2005;34(3):232-236. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Determination of the concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid with a new dye-binding method. Barsanti JA, Duncan JR. 1978;7(3):6-7. Determination of free and total cyst(e)ine in plasma of dogs and cats. Torres CL, Miller JW, Rogers QR. 2004;33(4):228-233. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Determination of prothrombin in feline plasma. Gentry PA, Christopher MM. 2001;30(2):53-56. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Determination of serum albumin in domestic animals using the immediate bromcresol green reaction. Gentry PA, Lumsden JH. 1978;7(1):12-15. Determination of uric acid in canine serum and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. Felice LJ, Dombrovskis D, Lafond E, Bartges J, Osborne CA. 1990;19(3):86-89. PubMed ABSTRACT Development of a radioimmunoassay for thyroxine in canines using polyethylene glycol. Mincey EK, McTaggart MP. 1980;9(1):21-23. Direct determination of free thyroxine in canine serum using single tube radioimmunoassay. Mincey EK, McTaggart MP. 1981;10(1):25-26. Direct measurement of progesterone in plasma and milk by a simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Epelu-Opio J, Madej A. 1988;17(1):25-28. An enzyme immunoassay to measure canine circulating fibronectin. O'Neill SL, Boothby JT, Feldman BF. 1986;15(1):22-26. An evaluation of an automated, homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for serum thyroxine measurement in dog and cat serum. Horney BS, MacKenzie AL, Burton SA, Olexson DW, Mitton KL, Coty WA, Rinne SG. 1999;28(1):20-28. PubMed ABSTRACT Evaluation of an automated serum bile acids assay and the effect of bilirubin, hemoglobin, and lipid on the apparent bile acids yield. Solter PF, Hoffmann WE, Hoffman JW. 1992;21(4):114-118. PubMed LINK Evaluation of a chromogenic assay to measure the factor Xa inhibitory activity of unfractionated heparin in canine plasma. Brooks MB. 2004;33(4):208-214. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Evaluation of a commercially available human C-reactive protein (CRP) turbidometric immunoassay for determination of canine serum CRP concentration. Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Jensen AL, Kristensen AT. 2003;32(2):81-87. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Evaluation of latex agglutination kits for detection of fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D-dimer in healthy horses and horses with severe colic. Stokol T, Erb HN, De Wilde L, Tornquist SJ, Brooks M. 2005;34(4):375-382. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for type III procollagen peptide in the dog. Dimski DS, Brooks CL, Johnson SE. 1990;19(2):40-44. PubMed ABSTRACT Evaluation of a rapid reagent strip test for blood glucose determination in diarrheic calves. Sweeney RW, Divers TJ, Zamos DT, Spencer PA. 1989;18(4):103-106. An extended linearity creatinine assay for undiluted canine urine specimens [letter]. King EJ, Decker LS. 2005;34(3):177. PubMed LINK | FullText/PDF Fractionation of canine serum magnesium. Schenck PA. 2005;34(2):137-139. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF An immunoturbidimetric assay for rapid quantitative measurement of feline alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in serum and peritoneal fluid. Bence LM, Addie DD, Eckersall PD. 2005;34(4):335-340. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF An improved ferritin assay for canine sera. Andrews GA, Smith JE, Gray M, Chavey PS, Weeks BR. 1992;21(2):57-60. PubMed ABSTRACT The intravenous bile acid loading test in the goat: determination of a procedural protocol and reference values. Hagemoser WA. 1989;18(1):17-20. Measurement of alpha-amylase activity in cat plasma: test of specificity of a chromogenic substrate, reference values. Ouedraogo G, Rico AG, Braun JP. 1992;21(2):47-49. PubMed ABSTRACT Measurement of serum haptoglobin in neonatal farm-raised and bob veal calves using two immunoassay methods. Gray ML, Young C, Stanker LH, Bounous DI. 1996;25(2):38-42. PubMed ABSTRACT Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in horse bone, liver, kidney, duodenum, caecum and serum separated by agarose gel electrophoresis with and without neuraminidase pretreatment. Rudolph WG, Figueroa AN, Zoccola CA, Godoy AF. 1997;26(4):173-180. PubMed ABSTRACT Overestimation of canine albumin concentration with the bromcresol green method in heparinized plasma samples. Stokol T, Tarrant JM, Scarlett JM. 2001;30(4):170-176. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Plasma ammonia concentration in dogs using ion-exchange method of analysis. Zenoble RD, Prasse KW. 1978;7(2):6-9. Plasma endotoxin concentration in horses: a methods study. Peek SF, Borah S, Semrad S, McGuirk S, Slack JA, Patton E, Coombs D, Lien L, Darien BJ. 2004;33(1):29-31. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Plasma xylose determination: comparison of the phloroglucinol and parabromoaniline methods. Fenzan J, Tvedten HW. 1985;14(2):26-27. Preliminary evaluation of a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) for the determination of serum cystatin C-like immunoreactivity in dogs. Jensen AL, Bomholt M, Moe L. 2001;30(2):86-90. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF The qualitative analysis of canine immunoglobulins and myeloma proteins by immunofixation. Jacobs RM. 1982;11(2):7-10. Quantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in canine serum. Sanecki RK, Hoffman WE, Hansen R, Schaeffer DJ. 1993;22(1):17-23. PubMed ABSTRACT Semiautomatic and robotic methods for determining serum haptoglobin levels. Smith JE, Chavey PS, Andrews GA. 1998;27(1):11-14. PubMed ABSTRACT Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of reagent test strip estimations of blood urea nitrogen. Hill D, Correa MT, Stevens JB. 1994;23(3):73-75. PubMed ABSTRACT Serum bile acids: reference values in healthy dogs and comparison of two kit methods. Counsell LJ, Lumsden JH. 1988;17(3):71-74. Serum lipase determination in the dog: a comparison of a titrimetric method with an automated kinetic method. Walter GL, McGraw P, Tvedten HW. 1992;21(1):23-27. PubMed ABSTRACT Serum 5'nucleotidase activity in rats: a method for automated analysis and criteria for interpretation. Carakostas MC, Power RJ, Banerjee AK. 1990;19(4)109-113. PubMed ABSTRACT Serum and plasma latex agglutination tests for detection of fibrin(ogen) degradation products in clinically ill dogs. Boisvert AM, Swenson CL, Haines CJ. 2001;30(3):133-136. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of canine urinary proteins for the analysis and differentiation of tubular and glomerular diseases. Schultze AE, Jensen RK. 1989;18(4):93-97. A technique for automated quantification of canine glucocorticoid-induced isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Hoffmann WE, Sanecki RK, Dorner JL. 1988;17(3):66-70. A technique for the electrophoretic separation of isoamylases. Stickle JE. 1978;7(2):14. Unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity in human and ruminant blood serum—a comparison of techniques including a new technique by high performance liquid chromatography. Schultz WJ. 1987;16(3):67-72. Urine protein determination in dogs and cats: comparison of dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid procedures. Moore FM, Brum SL, Brown L. 1991;20(4):95-97. PubMed ABSTRACT The usefulness and limitations of hand-held refractometers in veterinary laboratory medicine: an historical and technical review. George JW. 2001;30(4):201-210. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Use of the Vettest 8008 and refractometry for determination of total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations in feline effusions. Papasouliotis K, Murphy K, Dodkin S, Torrance AG. 2002;31(4):162-166. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Validation of an adenosine deaminase assay and its use in the evaluation of body fluids in dogs. Hirschberger J, Koch S. 1996;25(3):100-104. PubMed ABSTRACT Validation and diagnostic efficacy of a lipase assay with the substrate 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6'methyl resorufin)-ester for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Graca R, Messick J, McCullough S, Barger A, Hoffmann W. 2005;34(1):39-43. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Validation of human haptoglobin immunoturbidimetric assay for detection of haptoglobin in equine and canine serum and plasma. Wiedmeyer CE, Solter PF. 1996;25(4):141-146. PubMed ABSTRACT Validation of an immunoturbidimetric D-dimer assay in canine citrated plasma. Caldin M, Furlanello T, Lubas G. 2000;29(2):51-54. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Validation of the Nova CRT8 for the measurement of ionized magnesium in feline serum. Gilroy CV, Burton SA, Horney BS, MacKenzie AL. 2005;34(2):124-131. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Calcium, Phosphorus, Bone (back to top) Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in animals: uses and limitations. Allen MJ. 2003;32(3):101-113. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity with the healing process of long bone fractures in dogs. Komnenou A, Karayannopoulou M, Polizopoulou ZS, Constantinidis TC, Dessiris A. 2005;34(1):35-38. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Detection of parathyroid hormone-related protein in cats with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Bolliger AP, Graham PA, Richard V, Rosol TJ, Nachreiner RF, Refsal KR. 2002;31(1):3-8. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Determination of serum ionized calcium concentration in dairy cattle after frozen anaerobic storage. Roeder BL, Clark FD. 1995;24(2):44-48. PubMed ABSTRACT Effects of storage on serum ionized calcium and pH from horses with normal and abnormal ionized calcium concentrations. Schenck PA, Chew DJ, Brooks CL. 1996;25(4):118-120. PubMed ABSTRACT Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in horse bone, liver, kidney, duodenum, caecum and serum separated by agarose gel electrophoresis with and without neuraminidase pretreatment. Rudolph WG, Figueroa AN, Zoccola CA, Godoy AF. 1997;26(4):173-180. PubMed ABSTRACT Pathophysiology of calcium metabolism [review]. Rosol TJ, Chew DJ, Nagode LA, Capen CC. 1995; 24(2):49-63. PubMed ABSTRACT Quantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in canine serum. Sanecki RK, Hoffman WE, Hansen R, Schaeffer DJ. 1993;22(1):17-23. PubMed ABSTRACT Serum ionized calcium in dogs with chronic renal failure and metabolic acidosis. Kogika MM, Lustoza MD, Notomi MK, Wirthl VABF, Mirandola RMS, Hagiwara MK. 2006;35(4):441-445. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Spurious hyperphosphatemia in a dog with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and an IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Kristensen AT, Klausner JS, Weiss DJ, Schultz RD, Bell FW. 1991;20(2):45-48. PubMed ABSTRACT Cardiac Markers and Muscle (back to top) Absence of liver specificity for canine alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Swenson CL, Graves TK. 1997;26(1):26-28. PubMed LINK Artifactually increased serum bicarbonate values in two horses and a calf with severe rhabdomyolysis. Collins ND, LeRoy BE, Vap L. 1998;27(3):85-90. PubMed ABSTRACT Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise. Balogh N, Gaál T, Ribiczeyné PSz. 2001;30(4):214-218. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparative sequences of canine and feline endothelin-1. Biondo AW, Wiedmeyer CE, Sisson DD, Solter PF. 2003;32(4):188-194. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Effects of IM injections on serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values in dogs. Lewis HB, Rhodes DC. 1978;7(2):11-12. Electrolytes, Acid-Base, and Osmolality (back to top) Artifactual effects of hypernatremia and hyponatremia on red cell analytes measured by the Bayer H*1 analyzer. Boisvert AM, Tvedten HW, Scott MA. 1999;28(3):91-96. PubMed ABSTRACT Artifactually increased serum bicarbonate values in two horses and a calf with severe rhabdomyolysis. Collins ND, LeRoy BE, Vap L. 1998;27(3):85-90. PubMed ABSTRACT Assessment of the use of plasma and serum chloride concentrations as indirect predictors of serum bromide concentrations in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Rossmeisl JH, Zimmerman K, Inzana KD, Higgins MA. 2006;35(4):426-433. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Clinical assessment of acid-base status: comparison of the Henderson-Hasselbalch and strong ion approaches [review]. Constable PD. 2000;29(4):115-128. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF A comparison of the Beckman System E4A electrolyte analyzer, the Nova 5+5 automated electrolyte analyzer and other methods of electrolyte analysis. Tvedten HW.1985;14(3):13-16. A comparison of coulometric titration and potentiometric determination of chloride concentration in rumen fluid. Cebra CK, Tornquist SJ, Vap LM, Dodson LA. 2001;30(4):211-213. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of three different methods of total carbon dioxide measurement. Kilborn SH, Bonnett BN, Pook HA. 1995;24(1):22-27. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparison of whole blood and plasma potassium concentrations in dogs using the Reflovet system. Trumel C, Verwaerde P, Rascol A, Braun JP. 2003;32(3):140-142. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Correlation of spurious potassium elevation and platelet count in dogs. Degen MA. 1986;15(3):20-22. Decreased sodium:potassium ratios in cats: 49 cases. Bell R, Mellor DJ, Ramsey I, Knottenbelt C. 2005;34(2):110-114. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Effects of blood processing techniques on sodium and potassium values: a comparison between Aldabra tortoises (Geochelone gigantea) and Burmese mountain tortoises (Manouria emys). Abou-Madi N, Jacobson ER. 2003;32(2):61-66. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Elevated serum potassium associated with delayed separation of serum from clotted blood in dogs of the Akita breed. Rich LJ, Bernreuter DC, Cowell RL. 1986;15(2):12-14. Fractional electrolyte excretion in adult cows: establishment of reference ranges and evaluation of seasonal variations. Itoh N. 1989;18(4):86-87. Fractionation of canine serum magnesium. Schenck PA. 2005;34(2):137-139. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Hematologic, blood gas, blood chemistry, and serum mineral values for a sample of clinically healthy adult goats. Stevens JB, Anderson KL, Correa MT, Stewart T, Braselton, Jr. WE.1994;23(1):19-24. PubMed ABSTRACT Hyperosmolemic changes following experimental ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs. Green RA, St. Omer VV, Zumwalt RW, Dallman MF. 1978;7(3):8-11. Mixed venous and arterial blood in bovine coccygeal vessel samples for blood gas analysis. Tvedten HW, Kopcia M, Haines C. 2000;29(1):4-6. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Serum chemistry results from a 7-year-old mixed breed dog [bromide toxicity]. Barger A, Grindem CB. 1997;26(4):164, 171. PubMed LINK Serum ionized calcium in dogs with chronic renal failure and metabolic acidosis. Kogika MM, Lustoza MD, Notomi MK, Wirthl VABF, Mirandola RMS, Hagiwara MK. 2006;35(4):441-445. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Spurious elevation of serum potassium in two cases of thrombocythemia. Mandell CP, Degen MA, Hopper PE, Zinkl JG. 1988;17(2):32-33. Validation of the Nova CRT8 for the measurement of ionized magnesium in feline serum. Gilroy CV, Burton SA, Horney BS, MacKenzie AL. 2005;34(2):124-131. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF The value of anion gap and osmolal gap determination in veterinary medicine. Shull RM. 1978;7(3):12-14. Endocrinology (back to top) Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum of hyperthyroid cats. Horney BS, Farmer AJ, Honor DJ, MacKenzie A, Burton S. 1994;23(3):98-102. PubMed ABSTRACT Biological variation of canine serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration. Iversen L, Lundorff Jensen A, Høier R, Aaes H. 1999;28(1):16-19. PubMed ABSTRACT Comparative sequences of canine and feline endothelin-1. Biondo AW, Wiedmeyer CE, Sisson DD, Solter PF. 2003;32(4):188-194. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Detection of parathyroid hormone-related protein in cats with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Bolliger AP, Graham PA, Richard V, Rosol TJ, Nachreiner RF, Refsal KR. 2002;31(1):3-8. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Development of a radioimmunoassay for thyroxine in canines using polyethylene glycol. Mincey EK, McTaggart MP. 1980;9(1):21-23. Direct determination of free thyroxine in canine serum using single tube radioimmunoassay. Mincey EK, McTaggart MP. 1981;10(1):25-26. Direct measurement of progesterone in plasma and milk by a simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Epelu-Opio J, Madej A. 1988;17(1):25-28. Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age. Wolford ST, Schroer RA, Gohs FX, Gallo PP, Falk HB, Dente AR. 1988;17(2):35-42. Effect of specimen collection and storage on blood glucose and lactate concentrations in healthy, hyperthyroid and diabetic cats. Christopher MM, O'Neill S. 2000;29(1):22-28. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Effects of delayed serum separation and long-term storage on the measurement of thyroid hormones in equine blood samples. Allen AL, Scott WM, Cook SJ, Fretz PB, Doige CE. 1997;26(1):10-12. PubMed ABSTRACT Evaluation of analytical performance assisted by total error criteria of a commercial enzyme immunometric assay for canine serum thyrotropin. Lundorff Jensen A, Iversen L, HØier R. 1999;28(2):53-56. PubMed ABSTRACT An evaluation of an automated, homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for serum thyroxine measurement in dog and cat serum. Horney BS, MacKenzie AL, Burton SA, Olexson DW, Mitton KL, Coty WA, Rinne SG. 1999;28(1):20-28. PubMed ABSTRACT Evaluation of a commercial kit for measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin in canine blood. Mahaffey EA, Cornelius LM. 1981;10(1):21-24. Evaluation of thyroid function in dogs by hormone analysis: effects of data on biological variation. Jensen AL, Høier R. 1996;25(4):130-134. PubMed ABSTRACT Glycosylated hemoglobin in dogs: precision, stability, and diagnostic utility. Easley JR. 1986;15(1):12-15. Haptoglobin concentrations in dogs undergoing trilostane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. McGrotty YL, Arteaga A, Knottenbelt CM, Ramsey IK, Eckersall PD. 2005;34(3):255-258. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Ion-exchange microchromatography and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for the measurement of canine glycated hemoglobins. Hooghuis H, Rodriguez M, Castaño M. 1994;23(4):110-116. PubMed ABSTRACT Potential effects of glucocorticoids on serum iron concentration in dogs. Harvey JW, Levin DE, Chen CL. 1987;16(2):46-50. Serum fructosamine concentration in nondiabetic and diabetic cats. Plier ML, Grindem CB, MacWilliams PS, Stevens JB. 1998;27(2):34-39. PubMed ABSTRACT Validation of a chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay for plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone in the dog. Scott-Moncrieff JC, Koshko MA, Brown JA, Hill K, Refsal KR. Vet Clin Pathol 2003;32(4):180-187. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Enzymology (back to top) Absence of liver specificity for canine alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Swenson CL, Graves TK. 1997;26(1):26-28. PubMed LINK Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum of hyperthyroid cats. Horney BS, Farmer AJ, Honor DJ, MacKenzie A, Burton S. 1994;23(3):98-102. PubMed ABSTRACT Alanine aminotransferase apoenzyme in dogs. Mesher CI, Rej R, Stokol T. 1998;27(1):26-30. PubMed ABSTRACT Alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the cat. Hoffman WE, Renegar WE, Dorner JL. 1977; 6(3):21-24. The apo-enzyme content of aminotransferases in healthy and diseased domestic animals. Stokol T, Erb H. 1998;27(3):71-78. PubMed ABSTRACT Blood copper concentrations and cuproenzyme activities in a colony of cats. Fascetti AJ, Rogers QR, Morris JG. 2002;31(4):183-188. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Clinical utility of a new lipase activity assay [letter, with response]. Steiner JM. 2005;34(3):176. PubMed LINK | FullText/PDF Comparative studies on serum arginase and transaminases in hepatic necrosis in various species of domestic animals. Mia AS, Koger HD. 1979;8:9-15. Comparison of amylase and lipase activities in serum and plasma of dogs. Medaille C, Briend-Marchal A. 2004;33(3):155-158. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of techniques for quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in canine serum. Mahaffey EA, Lago MP. 1991;20(2):51-55. PubMed ABSTRACT A computerized retrospective study of liver enzyme concentrations in dogs. Shull RM, Tasker JB, Hiltz FL. 1978;7(2):13. Diagnostic value of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in horse serum. Hoffmann WE, Dorner JL, Morris H. 1983;12(2):33-38. Effect of temperature, storage time, and sample type on sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in llama serum and plasma. Tornquist SJ, Dodson L, Lanning DV. 2000;29(1):16-18. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Hepatic bilirubin-IX-alpha-glycosyltransferase activities in animals excreting primarily biliverdin into bile. Cornelius CE. 1981;10(1):27-31. Isoamylases in clinically normal and diseased dogs. Jacobs RM, Hall RL, Rogers WA. 1982;11(2):26-32. Measurement of alpha-amylase activity in cat plasma: test of specificity of a chromogenic substrate, reference values. Ouedraogo G, Rico AG, Braun JP. 1992;21(2):47-49. PubMed ABSTRACT The mechanisms relating to increases in plasma enzymes and isoenzymes in diseases of animals [review]. Boyd JW. 1983;12(2):9-24. Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in horse bone, liver, kidney, duodenum, caecum and serum separated by agarose gel electrophoresis with and without neuraminidase pretreatment. Rudolph WG, Figueroa AN, Zoccola CA, Godoy AF. 1997;26(4):173-180. PubMed ABSTRACT The potential use of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase activity for the evaluation of hepatic disease in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). Battison AL, Buczkowski S, Archer FJ. 1996;25(2):43-47. PubMed ABSTRACT Quantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in canine serum. Sanecki RK, Hoffman WE, Hansen R, Schaeffer DJ. 1993;22(1):17-23. PubMed ABSTRACT Semiautomated analysis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum of normal cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Wiedmeyer CE, Morton DG, Cusick PK, Wright T, Solter PF, Hoffmann WE. 1999;28(1):2-7. PubMed ABSTRACT Serum alkaline phosphatase in pregnant mares. Meuten DJ, Kociba G, Threlfall WR, Nagode LA. 1980; 9(1):27-30. Serum enzyme changes in newborn calves fed colostrum. Boyd JW. 1989;18(2):47-51. Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme profiles in phenobarbital-treated epileptic dogs. Gaskill CL, Hoffmann WE, Cribb AE. 2004;33(4):215-222. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Serum 5'nucleotidase activity in rats: a method for automated analysis and criteria for interpretation. Carakostas MC, Power RJ, Banerjee AK. 1990;19(4)109-113. PubMed ABSTRACT Stability of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in bovine and equine sera. Horney BS, Honor DJ, MacKenzie A, Burton S. 1993;22(1):5-9. PubMed ABSTRACT A technique for automated quantification of canine glucocorticoid-induced isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Hoffmann WE, Sanecki RK, Dorner JL. 1988;17(3):66-70. A technique for the electrophoretic separation of isoamylases. Stickle JE. 1978;7(2):14. Validation of an adenosine deaminase assay and its use in the evaluation of body fluids in dogs. Hirschberger J, Koch S. 1996;25(3):100-104. PubMed ABSTRACT Validation and diagnostic efficacy of a lipase assay with the substrate 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6'methyl resorufin)-ester for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Graca R, Messick J, McCullough S, Barger A, Hoffmann W. 2005;34(1):39-43. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Gastrointestinal and Exocrine Pancreatic (back to top) Association of gastrointestinal hemorrhage with increased blood urea nitrogen and BUN/creatinine ratio in dogs: a literature review and retrospective study. Prause LC, Grauer GF. 1998;27(4):107-111. PubMed ABSTRACT Clinical utility of a new lipase activity assay [letter, with response]. Steiner JM. 2005;34(3):176. PubMed LINK | FullText/PDF Comparison of amylase and lipase activities in serum and plasma of dogs. Medaille C, Briend-Marchal A. 2004;33(3):155-158. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF A comparison of commercial kit methods for assay of vitamin B12 in ruminant blood. Schultz WJ. 1987;16(4):102-106. A comparison of coulometric titration and potentiometric determination of chloride concentration in rumen fluid. Cebra CK, Tornquist SJ, Vap LM, Dodson LA. 2001;30(4):211-213. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Comparison of methods for assay of fecal proteolytic activity. Williams DA, Reed SD. 1990;19(1):20-24. PubMed ABSTRACT Diagnostic value of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in horse serum. Hoffmann WE, Dorner JL, Morris H. 1983;12(2):33-38. Diarrhea and hyperammonemia in a horse with progressive neurologic signs [clostridial enteritis]. Stickle JE, McKnight CA, Williams KJ, Carr EA. 2006;35(2):250-254. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF The effect of dose and concentration on D-xylose absorption in healthy, immature dogs. Nix BE, Leib MS, Zajac A, Zarakas K. 1993;22(1):10-16. PubMed ABSTRACT Effect of intestinal inflammation on fecal elastase concentration in dogs. Battersby IA, Peters IR, Day MJ, German AJ, Hall EJ. 2005;34(1):49-51. PubMed ABSTRACT | FullText/PDF Equine enteric hyperammonemia: time for a multicenter study? Milne E. 2006;35(2):142-143. PubMed LINK | FullText/PDF Evaluation of a rapid reagent strip test for blood glucose determination in diarrheic calves. Sweeney RW, Divers TJ, Zamos DT, Spencer PA. 1989;18(4):103-106. Fecal alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor concentration in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Murphy KF, German AJ, Ruaux CG, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Hall EJ. 2003;32(2):67-72. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Fecal alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor concentration in dogs receiving long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Murphy KF, German AJ, Ruaux CG, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Hall EJ. 2003;32(3):136-139. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Hyperlipasemia in 6 dogs with pancreatic or hepatic neoplasia: evidence for tumor lipase production. Quigley KA, Jackson ML, Haines DM. 2001;30(3):114-120. PubMed ABSTRACT | PDF Isoamylases in clinically normal and diseased dogs. Jacobs RM, Hall RL, Rogers WA. 1982;11(2):26-32. Measurement of alpha-amylase activity in cat plasma: test of specificity of a chromogenic substrate, reference values. Ouedraogo G, Rico AG, Braun JP. 1992;21(2):47-49. PubMed ABSTRACT Neurologic signs and hyperammonemia in a horse with colic [gastrointestinal disease]. 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